:skip 數位專題內容模板 ⚠️ 本檔案是一個內容各式模板，用來快速新增一個新的專題。新增一篇新的專題的時候，請先複製本檔案，再開始更改裡面的內容。因為底層是使用 ArchieML，可以看它的說明。目前也需要確認新增的檔案權限是公開讀取權限給所有有連結的人。 ℹ️ 下面有分兩段：第一段的內容是屬於OG的部分，只有在打包和上線的時候會更新。如果有改標題或 meta 之類的欄位，目前需要請工程師重新打包。第二段會自動連動，打什麼就前端馬上看到。 ℹ️ 框起來的說明部分都可以刪除，不會有影響。 :endskip title: Maps: China’s 72-hour ‘Taiwan blockade’ description: After U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi concluded her controversial Taiwan visit, China began days of intense military drills. How did the PLA create a “Taiwan blockade” simulation? headerMeta:By Silva Shih, Steven Yeo, Sylvia Lee, Yingyu Chen, Meg Wu\nData Source: ROC Ministry of National Defense, Japan's Ministry of National Defense\nPublish Date: 2022.08.15\nLast Updated: 2022.08.15 tags: Taiwan, PLA, China’s military drills, Median Line, Taiwan Strait, USS Ronald Reagan url: https://www.cw.com.tw/graphics/pelosi-visits-taiwan-en/index.html metaImage: https://www.cw.com.tw/graphics/pelosi-visits-taiwan-en/meta-image.jpg metaTitle: Maps: China’s 72-hour ‘Taiwan blockade’｜CommonWealth Magazine ogTitle: Maps: China’s 72-hour ‘Taiwan blockade’｜CommonWealth Magazine sitename: Maps: China’s 72-hour ‘Taiwan blockade’｜CommonWealth Magazine locale: en articleID: pelosi-visits-taiwan-en paywallType: meterpaywall gtmName: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en :skip ℹ️ 下面的內容即時更改就會連動線上的內容。裡頭可以加一段當付費牆的端點，一下的就會受付費牆以及 meter 影響。 paywallBreakpoint: default 如果沒加，他會自動放在最上面。 :endskip {scrollingSection} [.scrollDownButton] gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en eventaction: button-click eventlabel: 點擊-scroll [] [.card] text: The day after Pelosi left Taiwan, China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA), which had just held military drills to mark Army Day on August 1st, launched large-scale 72-hour live ammunition maneuvers in six areas around Taiwan, nearly encircling the island. cardMeta: Sources: Xinhua News Agency, Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council text: All six areas extended across the median line in the Taiwan Strait, and even stepped in Taiwan’s territorial sea. While the drills did not encroach on Taiwan’s territorial waters, the PLA flaunted its capability to target Taiwanese ports and air bases. cardMeta: Sources: Xinhua News Agency, Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council text: A closer look at the six exercise areas shows that they serve different strategic objectives. In the three areas off Taiwan’s west coast, the PLA has been active for a long time. This time it also used unmanned drones to harass Taiwan’s offshore isles. text: In comparison to the last cross-strait crisis in 1996, the PLA this time expanded its military activity to the waters off Taiwan’s eastern coast. Ou Si-fu, head of the Division of Chinese Politics, Military and Warfighting Concepts at the Institute of National Defense and Security Research, points out that the east side is the “backyard” of Taiwan’s combat readiness, and that the Chinese drills there also serve to intimidate or deter U.S. and Japanese military forces. cardMeta: Sources: Xinhua News Agency, Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council text: On August 4, the first day of the military operations, Japan’s Ministry of Defense published the landing sites of Dong Feng ballistic missiles fired by the PLA, announcing that even one of them had landed in Japan’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ). cardMeta: Note: The missile landing locations are based on information released by the Japanese Ministry of Defense.\nSources: Japan Ministry of Defense, Xinhua News Agency, Taiwan’s Ocean Affairs Council [] {} [+content] Did the PLA use these maneuvers, which were unprecedented in terms of scale and provocation, to train for a "blockade of Taiwan"? "What we're witnessing right now is sort of, I think, secondary or support activities for what could be a blockade," says Michael O’Hanlon, director of research for the Foreign Policy program at the Brookings Institution. O’Hanlon believes that for a true blockade of Taiwan, invisible submarine activity is the key. Defense expert Ou acknowledges that the scope of the drills appears to be vast. He points to Chinese hacker attacks on important Taiwanese government websites, unmanned drones overflying Taiwan’s offshore isles, the firing of ballistic missiles and long-range rockets as well as traditional joint air and sea exercises. But he also notes that these activities were not conducted simultaneously, so that Taiwanese vessels and aircraft were still able to freely come and go. Moreover, Beijing remained vague about the drills by not announcing the altitude at which they were conducted. This means that the maneuvers constitute rather a massive psychological warfare and intimidation campaign. It does most likely not aim to trigger a military confrontation but serves to use economic sanctions and information war tactics, to undermine the morale of the Taiwanese people and exhaust the island’s military preparedness, Ou believes. graphicTitle: What PLA has shown in the maneuvers targeting Taiwan graphicSubtitle: {.graphic} value: big-numbers [.bigNumbers] stat: 176 unit: label:military aircraft stat: 11* unit: label: Dong Feng ballistic missiles stat: 41 unit: label: navy ships [] {} graphicMeta: Note 1: Numbers for the period of August 4-7, 2022\nNote 2: *Number given by ROC Ministry of National Defense. Japan’s Ministry of Defense has listed 9 missiles, China has announced 16 missiles landing in the seas.\nSource: ROC Ministry of National Defense, Japan Ministry of Defense While the drills may be primarily a political statement, military experts fear that the situation in the Taiwan Strait has changed dramatically. “The tacitly respected median line in the Taiwan Strait has been erased”, says one high-ranking national security official. The line was drawn by the United States more than 60 years ago during the Cold War to prevent an armed conflict. But meanwhile Meng Xiangqing, professor at the PLA’s National Defense University, stated in a talk show on China’s state-run CCTV: “We never recognized the median line.” title: Is the median line history? “The fact that they are crossing the median line means that the strategy to put pressure on us is deep,“ says Ou. It means that China has pushed the original military warning line in the Taiwan Strait forward right to Taiwan’s front door. Ou calls these moves “very provocative.” In June, Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe caused an uproar when he asserted on the sidelines of the Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore that the Taiwan Strait is not international waters. What we now see is China acting that way. googleAd: R1 “The approach and goals are similar to China’s playbook against Japan’s islands since 2012,” says military expert Mathieu Duchâtel, director of the Asia Program at Institut Montaigne. He was referring to the coast guard and military vessels that China keeps dispatching to the Japanese-controlled Senkaku Islands to challenge Japan’s territorial claim. “But the big difference is that they did not enter the 12 nautical miles zone,” Duchâtel points out. In fact, with China’s rising military power, the nation’s ambition to safeguard energy and strategic security continues to increase. In recent years, activity around the first island chain has not been quiet at all. CommonWealth Magazine has overlayed maps published by the defense ministries of Taiwan and Japan, showing the trajectories of PLA aircraft and vessels, after the announcement of Pelosi’s visit in July. The maps reveal that the PLA frequently showed up in areas surrounding Taiwan early on, and that Japan is on the alert as well. graphicTitle: From Taiwan’s southwestern to the waters off the east coast graphicSubtitle: Number of sightings of Chinese military aircraft and vessels in July last year and July this year graphic: flights-freq-comparison graphicMeta: Sources: ROC Ministry of National Defense, Japan's Ministry of National Defense With the exercises this time, China made the point of targeting Taiwan’s backyard, the waters off the east coast. Defense experts consider these moves also as aiming to “contain foreign forces”. “With the drills, China wants to prove that it has the strength to block important sea lanes, and that it won’t be easy for other nations to intervene,” says a former official with Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defense. {.image} src: images/presidential-palace.jpg alt: {} graphicMeta: Regional tension ran surprisingly high after Nancy Pelosi visited Taiwan in her official capacity as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives on the third leg of an Asian swing. In Taiwan she met with President Tsai Ing-wen at the Presidential Office, spoke with lawmakers and toured the National Human Rights Museum (Image: Taiwan's Presidential Office) During the last cross-strait crisis of 1996, the U.S. Pacific Fleet dispatched carrier battle groups to transit the Taiwan Strait, deterring further escalation. Therefore, the movements of the USS Ronald Reagan, which belongs to the U.S. Pacific Fleet, drew considerable attention. graphicTitle: USS Ronald Reagan approaches first island chain graphicSubtitle: Trajectory of US aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan {.graphic} value: reagan-path [.card] text: According to the SCS Probing Initiative (SCSPI), which gathers open-source information about activity in the South China Sea, the trajectory of the USS Ronald Reagan was still in the Pacific in early July. text: After Pelosi confirmed that she would depart for Asia on August 1 to visit Singapore and Malaysia for the first time, the USS Ronald Reagan left the Pacific sailing toward Southeast Asia. text: After Pelosi left Taiwan Aug. 2 for South Korea and Japan, the USS Ronald Regan followed suit, avoiding the South China Sea, a point of military conflict between the U.S. and China. According to the SCSPI, the USS Ronald Regan was observed near Japan, while the U.S. Navy released information indicated that it was in the Philippine Sea. Both were close to Taiwan. [] {} graphicMeta: Note: The information of submarines varies among research units. The trajectory on this map is based on the data of SCS Probing Initiative.\nSources: SCS Probing Initiative, USNI news In terms of military strength, the U.S. remains the global leader in joint warfare capability and aircraft carrier development. China’s aircraft carriers Shandong and Liaoning are not yet a match for the U.S. Navy. Consequently, the two Chinese aircraft carriers were nowhere to be seen during the maneuvers. title: Washington: U.S. Navy to transit Taiwan Strait After the PLA concluded its live ammunition drills John Kirby , spokesman for the White House National Security Council, declared at a press conference that the USS Ronald Reagan and her escort vessels “will remain on station in the general area to monitor the situation.” He went on to say: “We will conduct standard air and maritime transits through the Taiwan Strait in the next few weeks.” Yet at noon on August 7, the last day of the originally announced exercises, the PLA announced on Chinese messaging platform WeChat that its Eastern Theater Command would continue to organize joint combat exercises and training in the waters and airspace around Taiwan on August 9, with emphasis on joint blockade and joint support operations. In response, a former high-ranking official of Taiwan’s National Security Council pointed out that China’s leadership is extremely pragmatic. What Beijing needs most ahead of the upcoming 20th Communist Party Congress is stability. Starting a war now would not be in the national interest. What can, however, be foreseen is that China, after brazenly rejecting the tacit understanding that both sides respect the median line in the Taiwan Strait, will continue to exert pressure on Taiwan. That is a new reality that Taiwan will have to face. (Translated by Susanne Ganz) [] :skip ℹ️ 會員以及付費牆設定為登入特用的網址，必須每一個專輯都去編輯台產生。 cwgLoginUrl: https://… 如果想要把付費牆在這專案完全關掉，加下面一行。 paywallOverride.disabled: true 在預設中 paywall 所顯示的狀態都會是 meter paywall，如果想要特別顯示 hard paywall，加下面這段。（編碼為訂戶的產品任何符合就可看） [paywallOverride.hardPaywallPermissionOverride] * UID * KCW * KCAA [] 如果想特別改其他的 UTM 或更改付費牆的內容，請看 bulldog 的說明。 :endskip paywallOverride.disabled: true googleAdAuthors: Silva Shih, Steven Yeo,Sylvia Lee, Yingyu Chen, Meg Wu googleAdKeywords: Taiwan, PLA, China’s military drills, Median Line, Taiwan Strait, USS Ronald Reagan :skip ℹ️ Navigation :endskip {nav.baseLink} gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en eventaction: logo-click eventlabel: 點擊-天下logo href: https://english.cw.com.tw/?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily {nav.hamburger} gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en eventaction: menu-click eventlabel: 點擊-漢堡選單 {nav.userIcon} gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en {nav.userMenu} gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en [nav.menu] text: logo type: logo link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-天下Logo link.href: https://english.cw.com.tw/?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily link.target: _blank text: 中文 subtext: link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-中文版 link.href: https://www.cw.com.tw/graphics/pelosi-visits-taiwan/ text: More from CW Graphics subtext: 更多數據分析 link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-更多數據分析 link.href: https://www.cw.com.tw/graphics/?lang=en text: Follow CWE on Twitter subtext: 追蹤天下英網 link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-追蹤英網推特 link.href: https://twitter.com/CWM_en link.target: _blank text: Follow CW Graphics on Twitter subtext: 追蹤天下數位敘事 link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-追蹤數位敘事推特 link.href: https://twitter.com/CWMgraphics link.target: _blank {nav.subscribe} text: Subscribe link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-訂閱英網電子報 link.href: https://web.cw.com.tw/newsletter/intro/cwenglish.html?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily {nav.menuSubscribe} text: Subscribe to CWE Newsletter link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: menu-link-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-訂閱英網電子報 link.href: https://web.cw.com.tw/newsletter/intro/cwenglish.html?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily [nav.social] type: facebook link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-分享臉書 type: twitter link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-分享Twitter type: line link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊-分享Line :skip ℹ️ 延伸閱讀 :endskip [recirc] sectionName: Decoding China sectionColor: #FF4D00 [.sectionLinks] text: Pelosi’s Taiwan visit was a US-made crisis link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-美國造成台海危機 link.href: https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3273&utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily link.target: _blank text: Military expert: Taiwan’s only defense lies in strength link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-軍事專家 link.href: https://english.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=3278&utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily link.target: _blank text: Why the Chinese Military Has Increased Activity Near Taiwan link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-共機2021 link.href: https://web.cw.com.tw/taiwan-strait-2021-en/index.html?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily link.target: _blank [] sectionName: Follow Us sectionColor: #565E63 [.sectionLinks] text: Subscribe to CWE Newsletter link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-訂閱英文電子報 link.href: https://web.cw.com.tw/newsletter/intro/cwenglish.html?utm_source=cwmg_web&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=cwmg_web-affiliate-daily link.target: _blank text: Follow CWE on Twitter link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-追蹤英網推特 link.href: https://twitter.com/CWM_en link.target: _blank text: Follow CW Graphics on Twitter link.gtm-name: 專輯-裴洛西訪台-en link.eventaction: button-click link.eventlabel: 點擊文末-追蹤數位敘事推特 link.href: https://twitter.com/CWMgraphics link.target: _blank [] :ignore 圖例: - 2022 PLA drills zones - Taiwan's territorial sea - Ports and air bases. - 1995-1996 PLA drills zones - PLA missiles' landing sites @shihjyun.yeo@cw.com.tw 6 大演習區，全部越過兩岸軍事的和平底線──台灣海峽中線，更大舉壓到台灣家門口的領海。儘管實際演習最終沒有進入領海，但按中國官方說法，演習可瞄準台灣的港口與空軍基地。細看這 6 區，更看到不同的戰略意圖。西邊 3 塊是解放軍的長期重軍部署，這次演習也看到無人機騷擾外島。和 1996 年台海危機相比，這次還多了東部海域。國防研究院中共政軍與作戰概念研究所所長歐錫富分析，東邊是台灣的戰備「後院」，還能嚇阻美、日軍力。特別在演習第一天，日本防衛省公布演習區多了一塊，解放軍發射的東風系列彈道飛彈落點，竟擦邊日本的經濟海域和飛行情報區。無英文版，先移除。建議改為 obsolete 地圖上圖例: 1. Total PLA Aircraft & Vessels 2. Taiwan Strait Median Lin 3. Taiwan ADIZ 4. Miyako Strait 5. First Island Chain 上面兩個圖例 - By Ministry of National Defense, R.O.C. - By Japan’s Joint Staff @shihjyun.yeo@cw.com.tw 補註 @sylvialee@cw.com.tw @kyliu@cw.com.tw 原文：因潛艦不易追蹤，各研究單位資料不盡相同。圖上軌跡採 SCS Probing Initiative 的資料，僅供參考。